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It has always been a difficult task to research and transcribe ancient seafarers’ terms pronounced in different regional dialects. Since 2015, the author has been trying to mark the Southern Hokkien (Minnan) dialect seafarers’ terms pronunciation…

The importance of conserving our ocean heritage is well recognised and was codified in international law in the
1972 World Heritage Convention. The 1982 Law of the Sea Convention (LOSC) recognises a duty to protect
‘objects of an archaeological or…

SS Indus ran aground in 1885 somewhere in the North east coast of Sri Lanka while she was sailing from Calcutta or Kolkata to London via Colombo. At the time she possessed valuable cargo, a fine collection of sculptures from Bharhut, a 3rd century BC…

In the 16th-17th centuries, world trade patterns greatly changed. East and West entered a period of an enormous amount of sailing since the 1500s. In the East, the traditional Asian maritime trade network - which mainly relied on maritime merchants…

At the end of the 19th century the Japanese government built several military forts on the sea or artificial islands inside Tokyo bay in order to defend its capital from foreign sea powers. Three outer forts or Kai-hou, which were between the cape of…

This paper will describe recent and current construction activity on three separate building sites, one each in Cam Pha (near Halong City), Sam Son (near Thanh Hoa), and Cua Lo (near Vinh). The three sites produce boats generally in the Northern…

A gradual and unremitting decrease in the level of the sand forming the seabed in which the wreck of the James Matthews (1841) lies buried (located in Cockburn Sound, Western Australia) became a cause for concern as progressive deterioration of the…

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