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The most profound examples of ancient Southeast Asian ship iconography are found on the walls of the 9th century Borobudur monument in central Java. As the contemporary assemblage of nautical iconography from Southeast Asia is limited, the ship…

The Fiji Museum Archaeology Department, since 2015, has begun inventorying the different underwater and maritime sites in Fiji. Ratification of the 2001 UNESCO Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage and review of the…

This paper outlines the role played by ICOMOS (International Council on Monuments and Sites), which is an international non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to the conservation of the world's cultural monuments and sites and specifically in…

This paper discusses the current challenges in the protection of Underwater Cultural Heritage (UCH) and proposes
the in-situ preservation and responsible accessibility of UCH sites as a strategy for their protection. The questions
in focus are the…

The potential of shipwreck site resources in “Spice Routes,” Ternate-Tidore, reflects several historical pieces of
evidence relating to archaeological remains from the Portuguese and Spanish eras in the surrounding sea and
coastal areas. In the…

As waterlogged wood is ubiquitous in excavation sites, being used for structures (ships and buildings), tools, personal effects and for decorative artefacts, this material has been the subject of most conservation research and treatment over the past…