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                    <text>Julie Mushynsky, Herman Tudela, Genevieve Cabrera, and Jennifer McKinnon
(from Butler and De
Fant 1991:6)

Saipan (Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands) has an extensive seascape history. The first group of people to
populate the island, the Chamorro, possessed both the skills to build ocean-going watercraft and the knowledge of
seafaring. For the first 2,000 years Chamorro communities lived exclusively in settlements at coastal sites and nearly every
endeavour involved interaction with water. The sea was an important part of economic and social life and their main source
of food came from catching pelagic, inshore fishes, crabs and clams by netting, spear fishing, and constructing fish traps.
The sea also influenced village and settlement patterns set up on a hierarchical system where by coastal groups were of
higher status. Chamorro people have also had a long history of contact with Carolinian people who sailed to and settled on
Saipan in the 1800s. Carolinians have an extensive connection with the sea having their own traditions of seafaring and
watercraft construction.
Seascape approaches view the sea as connective rather than divisive and recognise the sea as part of forming social and
cultural identity. Studying seascapes can help describe the relationship people have with the sea, how the sea influences
culture and how it can be manipulated into a cultural space. Seascape studies have largely focussed on Indigenous
interaction with water and the sea, in contrast to maritime cultural landscape studies which primarily focus on historical,
Western heritage. Maritime cultural landscape studies investigate the combination of terrestrial and underwater heritage
related to maritime activities. This approach erases the artificial boundary at the water’s edge to look at maritime culture
in a more holistic way. This project borrows concepts and methods from both approaches to investigate the Indigenous
maritime heritage of Saipan.

If you were to break it down into western and
local perspective you’d say oceans divide, but
for us oceans unite. You say typhoons are
devastations, yes it is devastation, but it’s also
a blessing for us. Without those storms we
wouldn’t get our fair shares of our [fish] runs,
our oceans will not shift, provide us with our
annual [fish] runs
Herman Tudela - 2011

Communication and consultation between community members and archaeologists occurred at all stages of research.
During fieldwork, Indigenous researchers identified sites significant to them and decided which sites should be
archaeologically recorded. Collaboratively, sites were recorded, photographed and mapped. This joint effort allowed for
sites of importance and value to the community to be clearly identified and their significance to be recorded.

Many Chamorro and Carolinian people feel that their maritime heritage is being impacted by human and natural
interference. Thus, the more oral stories and traditions that can be recorded for future generations to read, the better. The
goal of this project is to work with the community of Saipan to record their heritage and explain their long standing
relationship with the sea. Historical, ethnographic and archaeological data is being recorded to understand the maritime
cultural landscape and seascape of Saipan. Two field seasons (2010 and 2011) have focussed on this effort and the results,
although preliminary, demonstrate a longstanding and strong connection with the sea and varied related sites and material
culture.

Traditional Carolinian
watercraft

“Chumming device, fish and
clavicle bone” rock paintings in
Kalabera Cave

References
Cabrera, Genevieve S.
2005 Historic and Cultural Sites of the CNMI: The National Register Sites. The Division of Historic Preservation, Saipan.
Russell, Scott
1998 Tiempon I Manmofo’na. Micronesia Archaeological Survey No.32, CNMI, Saipan.
Butler, Brian M. and David G. De Fant
1991 Archaeological Survey on the Leeward Coast of Saipan: Garapan to Oleai. Micronesian Archaeological Survey Report Number 27, Saipan.

Navigational features in
topography

Many Chamorro feel that the more
information pertaining to Indigenous
culture that can be put down on paper
for young people to read, the better
Genevieve Cabrera - 2011

Maritime themed petroglyphs

Tangible and intangible links of Indigenous relationships with the sea are demonstrated through a number of types of
heritage including: fish traps, caves with rock art depicting maritime themes, canoe access points, ancient coastal latte
sites, Indigenous fishing locations, oral traditions and a number of navigational features in the island’s topography.
Researchers were able to establish continuity, demonstrating how the past seascape still manifests itself today in fishing
practices, rituals and issues surrounding sea tenure.

Possible fish weir in Laulau Bay

Latte pillar at Unai Bapot Latte
Site

Sagua (channel/canoe track)
in Laulau Bay

“Netting site”

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