1 10 4 https://apconf-much.org/proceedings/files/original/738da1a7dd3550fbe8c9a4ab52684822.pdf 03523ae1fc652b55b239e7ce856e0f27 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2021 Session 8: Underwater and Maritime Archaeology in South East Asia Subject The topic of the resource Session 8 papers Description An account of the resource Abstract South East Asia is an Asian Sub Region with 11 countries with an area of 8.94 million square kilometres, and its water areas covering the China Sea, the Java Sea, the Sulu Sea, the Philippine Waters, the Celebes Sea, the Banda Sea, the Flores Sea, the Arafura Sea, the Timor Sea, and the Andaman Sea. With a total area of 2.5 % of the surface of all oceans in the world, South East Asia is a large sub region in the world which its waters and coastal areas are very rich in underwater and maritime cultural heritage. Underwater heritage in South East Asia are diverse and come from various times, namely from ancient Southeast Asian kingdoms, the European colonialism period, to World War II, which consisted of traditional ships of the South East Asian countries, Chinese junks China, Spanish Galleons and Naos, ships from the Middle East, VOC and EIC vessels; historic ships, planes, submarines during World War II; and also the remains of human settlements in the past or submerged landscape. The session will explore the richness of maritime history and the legacy of underwater and maritime cultural heritage in the countries of South East Asia. This South East Asian Session also seeks papers to be presented on the current development of underwater and maritime archaeology in South East Asia including the latest results of researches, studies, and projects of protection, preservation, sustainable use of underwater heritage, and the development of innovation and technology applying in the fields of underwater and maritime archaeology in various institutions in South East Asian countries. Moreover, the challenges, current threats, and any shortcomings that are currently being hot issues facing by South East Asian countries regionally, such as massive plundering of historic wrecks, destructive activities on shipwreck sites, natural disasters affecting underwater and maritime heritage, lack of long-term site monitoring and inappropriate management of underwater heritage will also be the focus of discussion in this session. This South East Asian Session also encourages the presentation of studies or projects on community engagement and opening access for the public in managing a sustainable underwater heritage in South East Asian countries, where the role of the local community is significant and can assist in determining the sustainability or the destruction of underwater and maritime heritage sites. Session Organiser: Nia Naelul Hasanah Ridwan Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Asia Pacific Regional Conference on Underwater Cultural Heritage Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Museum of Underwater Archaeology Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource November 2021 Language A language of the resource English Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Asia Pacific Regional Conference on Underwater Cultural Heritage Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Canthik: A Figurehead on Javanese Maritime Culture Description An account of the resource Canthik, the Javanese figurehead, is one of maritime’s archaeological data that is seldom discussed. Less than five of them have been recorded in the archaeological record, and all are kept in the museums. One of these is currently stored in Museum Sonobudoyo, Yogyakarta. To date, the description of the object is limited to a decorated object that is placed on the stern of a boat. The canthik can, arguably, be removed from one boat’s extremity to the other, depends on which one serves as the bow. It has a form of a mythological creature and is believed to bring protection to navigation. This paper aims to discuss the function of the figurehead, as well as the symbol it represents since Canthik has always been regarded as a sacred object in the Javanese community. This paper will further discuss what type of boat the figurehead is associated with and the kind of activities that these boats participated in. A comparison to figureheads from other regions, such as Europe, China, and Polynesia will be presented to explore possible answers to the aforementioned questions. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Ashar Murdihastomo Ayu Dipta Kirana Shinatria Adhityatama Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Museum of Underwater Archaeology Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource November 2021 Language A language of the resource English Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Asia Pacific Regional Conference on Underwater Cultural Heritage Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. Murdihastomo, Ashar, Ayu Dipta Kirana, and Shinatria Adhityatama. 2021. “Canthik: A Figurehead on Javanese Maritime Culture.” Edited by Brian Fahy, Hans Van Tilburg, Bill Jeffery, T. Kurt Knoerl, and Riley Smith. In Proceedings of Fourth Asia Pacific Regional Conference on Underwater Cultural Heritage: Keelung,Taiwan, and Virtual, November 1-5, 2021. The Museum of Underwater Archaeology URL: https://apconf-much.org/proceedings/exhibits/show/apconf-muchproceedings/item/686 Asia-Pac Session 8 2021 https://apconf-much.org/proceedings/files/original/b6b9e89542960db2f017cdfddbedcc21.pdf d554cf66cc6f250e73d969dcb8a29c95 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2021 Session 8: Underwater and Maritime Archaeology in South East Asia Subject The topic of the resource Session 8 papers Description An account of the resource Abstract South East Asia is an Asian Sub Region with 11 countries with an area of 8.94 million square kilometres, and its water areas covering the China Sea, the Java Sea, the Sulu Sea, the Philippine Waters, the Celebes Sea, the Banda Sea, the Flores Sea, the Arafura Sea, the Timor Sea, and the Andaman Sea. With a total area of 2.5 % of the surface of all oceans in the world, South East Asia is a large sub region in the world which its waters and coastal areas are very rich in underwater and maritime cultural heritage. Underwater heritage in South East Asia are diverse and come from various times, namely from ancient Southeast Asian kingdoms, the European colonialism period, to World War II, which consisted of traditional ships of the South East Asian countries, Chinese junks China, Spanish Galleons and Naos, ships from the Middle East, VOC and EIC vessels; historic ships, planes, submarines during World War II; and also the remains of human settlements in the past or submerged landscape. The session will explore the richness of maritime history and the legacy of underwater and maritime cultural heritage in the countries of South East Asia. This South East Asian Session also seeks papers to be presented on the current development of underwater and maritime archaeology in South East Asia including the latest results of researches, studies, and projects of protection, preservation, sustainable use of underwater heritage, and the development of innovation and technology applying in the fields of underwater and maritime archaeology in various institutions in South East Asian countries. Moreover, the challenges, current threats, and any shortcomings that are currently being hot issues facing by South East Asian countries regionally, such as massive plundering of historic wrecks, destructive activities on shipwreck sites, natural disasters affecting underwater and maritime heritage, lack of long-term site monitoring and inappropriate management of underwater heritage will also be the focus of discussion in this session. This South East Asian Session also encourages the presentation of studies or projects on community engagement and opening access for the public in managing a sustainable underwater heritage in South East Asian countries, where the role of the local community is significant and can assist in determining the sustainability or the destruction of underwater and maritime heritage sites. Session Organiser: Nia Naelul Hasanah Ridwan Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Asia Pacific Regional Conference on Underwater Cultural Heritage Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Museum of Underwater Archaeology Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource November 2021 Language A language of the resource English Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Asia Pacific Regional Conference on Underwater Cultural Heritage Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Swath Bathimetry Application for Underwater Archaeology in Indonesia Description An account of the resource Mapping the depth of the ocean for supporting underwater archaeological works can be carried out by utilizing acoustic technology that converts electromagnetic waves into sound waves. Acoustic technology can be used to detect the structure of the soil layer and the thickness of sediments in seawaters area. The Research Institute for Coastal Resources and Vulnerability have identified several underwater heritage sites scattered throughout Indonesian waters and utilized this technology through a bathymetry survey to determine the depth and the structure of the seafloor where underwater cultural heritage sites are located. The Echosounder Ecotrack Teledyne Dual Frequency Odometer has been used in this bathymetry survey. The sea depth data will be corrected to Mean Sea Level (MSL) using the tidal data of the local station for 30 days. The underwater topography is processed and displayed in 3D. The use of in-situ bathymetry application to determine the shape of the seabed at the identified sites can be used as part of the assessment process to determine the next research steps, to provide recommendations regarding diving activities, as well as to determine proper site preservation and appropriate management measures, for example, for diving tourism and marine conservation area in Indonesia. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Guntur adhi Rahmawan Nia Naelul Hasanah Ridwan Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Museum of Underwater Archaeology Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource November 2021 Language A language of the resource English Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Asia Pacific Regional Conference on Underwater Cultural Heritage Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. Rahmawan, Guntur adhi, and Nia Naelul Hasanah Ridwan. 2021. “Swath Bathimetry Application for Underwater Archaeology in Indonesia.” Edited by Brian Fahy, Hans Van Tilburg, Bill Jeffery, T. Kurt Knoerl, and Riley Smith. In Proceedings of Fourth Asia Pacific Regional Conference on Underwater Cultural Heritage: Keelung,Taiwan, and Virtual, November 1-5, 2021. The Museum of Underwater Archaeology URL: https://apconf-much.org/proceedings/exhibits/show/apconf-muchproceedings/item/687 https://apconf-much.org/proceedings/files/original/45e35d31ebd1df301685a5a566064d87.pdf f5aeb522b779eb3c9cc7a405410f6e4a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2021 Session 8: Underwater and Maritime Archaeology in South East Asia Subject The topic of the resource Session 8 papers Description An account of the resource Abstract South East Asia is an Asian Sub Region with 11 countries with an area of 8.94 million square kilometres, and its water areas covering the China Sea, the Java Sea, the Sulu Sea, the Philippine Waters, the Celebes Sea, the Banda Sea, the Flores Sea, the Arafura Sea, the Timor Sea, and the Andaman Sea. With a total area of 2.5 % of the surface of all oceans in the world, South East Asia is a large sub region in the world which its waters and coastal areas are very rich in underwater and maritime cultural heritage. Underwater heritage in South East Asia are diverse and come from various times, namely from ancient Southeast Asian kingdoms, the European colonialism period, to World War II, which consisted of traditional ships of the South East Asian countries, Chinese junks China, Spanish Galleons and Naos, ships from the Middle East, VOC and EIC vessels; historic ships, planes, submarines during World War II; and also the remains of human settlements in the past or submerged landscape. The session will explore the richness of maritime history and the legacy of underwater and maritime cultural heritage in the countries of South East Asia. This South East Asian Session also seeks papers to be presented on the current development of underwater and maritime archaeology in South East Asia including the latest results of researches, studies, and projects of protection, preservation, sustainable use of underwater heritage, and the development of innovation and technology applying in the fields of underwater and maritime archaeology in various institutions in South East Asian countries. Moreover, the challenges, current threats, and any shortcomings that are currently being hot issues facing by South East Asian countries regionally, such as massive plundering of historic wrecks, destructive activities on shipwreck sites, natural disasters affecting underwater and maritime heritage, lack of long-term site monitoring and inappropriate management of underwater heritage will also be the focus of discussion in this session. This South East Asian Session also encourages the presentation of studies or projects on community engagement and opening access for the public in managing a sustainable underwater heritage in South East Asian countries, where the role of the local community is significant and can assist in determining the sustainability or the destruction of underwater and maritime heritage sites. Session Organiser: Nia Naelul Hasanah Ridwan Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Asia Pacific Regional Conference on Underwater Cultural Heritage Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Museum of Underwater Archaeology Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource November 2021 Language A language of the resource English Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Asia Pacific Regional Conference on Underwater Cultural Heritage Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Underwater and Maritime Heritage Discovered on the “Spice Route” Ternate-Tidore Islands, North Mollucas Description An account of the resource Ternate and Tidore in the North Mollucas Islands, Mollucas Province, Indonesian Archipelago have a critical role as the main sources of clove and nutmeg in the “Spice Routes” global trading network. These exotic and valuable commodities have attracted the Spaniards and Portuguese to find the sea routes to Ternate and Tidore in the 1500s and followed by Dutch and British. Underwater and maritime archaeological research conducted by the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries of Indonesia in 2019 and 2021 aimed to study underwater heritage sites and historical maritime heritage from 16-17 century AD located in Ternate-Tidore Islands. Survey activities include SCUBA diving to search for and observe shipwreck sites, a bathymetry survey to map the depth and the contour of the seafloor, and spatial mapping of maritime heritage located in the coastline. Of the survey, 2 underwater sites were discovered. Soasio site is located at 15-20 m deep and Tongowai site at a depth of 37-42 m. The underwater remains in Soasio consist of blue-white Chinese ceramic from 2 different imperial periods of the Ming Dynasty, earthenware jars and ewers probably produced in Thailand. Meanwhile, Portuguese cannons manufactured in Macao and earthenware jars were found in Tongowai Site. The findings of underwater heritage sites in Soasio and Tongowai and the presence of several historical landmarks in Ternate and Tidore including the landing site of Trinidad and Victoria ships of Ferdinan Magellan-Juan Sebastian Elcano Expedition of Circumnavigation of the Earth are the physical evidence of the essential role of Ternate-Tidore in the maritime history of Indonesia and international commerce network in the Spice Route and Maritime Silk Route. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Nia N. H. Ridwan Wisnu A. Gemilang Ulung J. Wisha Guntur A. Rahmawan Onggo F. Nichita Agus Sudaryadi Laila A. Jalil Irwansyah Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Museum of Underwater Archaeology Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource November 2021 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Asia Pacific Regional Conference on Underwater Cultural Heritage Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. Ridwan, Nia N. H., Wisnu A. Gemilang, Ulung J. Wisha, Guntur A. Rahmawan, Onggo F. Nichita, Agus Sudaryadi, Laila A. Jalil, and Irwansyah. 2021. “Underwater and Maritime Heritage Discovered on the “Spice Route” Ternate-Tidore Islands, North Mollucas.” Edited by Brian Fahy, Hans Van Tilburg, Bill Jeffery, T. Kurt Knoerl, and Riley Smith. In Proceedings of Fourth Asia Pacific Regional Conference on Underwater Cultural Heritage: Keelung,Taiwan, and Virtual, November 1-5, 2021. The Museum of Underwater Archaeology URL: https://apconf-much.org/proceedings/exhibits/show/apconf-muchproceedings/item/688 https://apconf-much.org/proceedings/files/original/80f1e497584bc9fecc48c9026acf2bda.pdf 8f0df9b4e4facd3b90711aaf0cb39183 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2021 Session 8: Underwater and Maritime Archaeology in South East Asia Subject The topic of the resource Session 8 papers Description An account of the resource Abstract South East Asia is an Asian Sub Region with 11 countries with an area of 8.94 million square kilometres, and its water areas covering the China Sea, the Java Sea, the Sulu Sea, the Philippine Waters, the Celebes Sea, the Banda Sea, the Flores Sea, the Arafura Sea, the Timor Sea, and the Andaman Sea. With a total area of 2.5 % of the surface of all oceans in the world, South East Asia is a large sub region in the world which its waters and coastal areas are very rich in underwater and maritime cultural heritage. Underwater heritage in South East Asia are diverse and come from various times, namely from ancient Southeast Asian kingdoms, the European colonialism period, to World War II, which consisted of traditional ships of the South East Asian countries, Chinese junks China, Spanish Galleons and Naos, ships from the Middle East, VOC and EIC vessels; historic ships, planes, submarines during World War II; and also the remains of human settlements in the past or submerged landscape. The session will explore the richness of maritime history and the legacy of underwater and maritime cultural heritage in the countries of South East Asia. This South East Asian Session also seeks papers to be presented on the current development of underwater and maritime archaeology in South East Asia including the latest results of researches, studies, and projects of protection, preservation, sustainable use of underwater heritage, and the development of innovation and technology applying in the fields of underwater and maritime archaeology in various institutions in South East Asian countries. Moreover, the challenges, current threats, and any shortcomings that are currently being hot issues facing by South East Asian countries regionally, such as massive plundering of historic wrecks, destructive activities on shipwreck sites, natural disasters affecting underwater and maritime heritage, lack of long-term site monitoring and inappropriate management of underwater heritage will also be the focus of discussion in this session. This South East Asian Session also encourages the presentation of studies or projects on community engagement and opening access for the public in managing a sustainable underwater heritage in South East Asian countries, where the role of the local community is significant and can assist in determining the sustainability or the destruction of underwater and maritime heritage sites. Session Organiser: Nia Naelul Hasanah Ridwan Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Asia Pacific Regional Conference on Underwater Cultural Heritage Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Museum of Underwater Archaeology Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource November 2021 Language A language of the resource English Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Asia Pacific Regional Conference on Underwater Cultural Heritage Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Hydro-Oceanographic Modelling Use in Underwater Archaeological Research of Shipwreck Site Discovered in Abang Island Waters, Riau Archipelago, Indonesia Description An account of the resource In 2020, the Research Institute for Coastal Resources and Vulnerability (RICRV) conducted an underwater archaeological survey in Abang Island waters, Riau Archipelago Province, Indonesia. The wreck site location is 64.14 km from Batam Island, and the archaeological remains lie at a depth of 20 meters. The underwater findings consist of hundreds of earthenware storage jars and ewers produced in Thailand and some blue-white porcelain plates from the Ming Dynasty era. The hydro-oceanographic data and ocean dynamics back-tracing modelling in the 1600s, along with the sedimentation and bathymetry profiling has been used to predict the sailing route of the ship, sunk in Abang Island waters. The sailing ships in the past would have relied on nature-based generators such as waves, tides, currents, and winds. According to the hydro-oceanographic modeling result, the extreme current flow generated by tidal and winds in the South China Sea in the 16th century AD peaked at 1.3 m/s during the northeast monsoon. This state could be more weakened during the southeast monsoon. According to the tidal phase delay and asymmetry and the presence of cargoes originating from China and Thailand, the ship was possibly sailing from the north via the South China Sea and cut through the Riau Archipelago from Bintan, which passed through a group of islands, including Abang Island to sail whether toward the north Malacca Strait or Bangka Belitung and Java. Additionally, based on the sediment transport model, the possibility of unidentified artifacts buried by sediment at the depth 60 cm beneath the surface bottom was sufficiently high. An excavation is recommended to prevent the archaeological remains from local looting and natural erosion. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Ulung J. Wisha Nia N. H. Ridwan Widodo S. Pranowo Wisnu A. Gemilang Guntur A. Rahmawan Stanov Purnawibowo Agus Sudaryadi Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Museum of Underwater Archaeology Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource November 2021 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Asia Pacific Regional Conference on Underwater Cultural Heritage Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. Wisha, Ulung J., Nia N. H. Ridwan, Widodo S. Pranowo, Wisnu A. Gemilang, Guntur A. Rahmawan, Stanov Purnawibowo, and Agus Sudaryadi. 2021. “Hydro-Oceanographic Modelling Use in Underwater Archaeological Research of Shipwreck Site Discovered in Abang Island Waters, Riau Archipelago, Indonesia.” Edited by Brian Fahy, Hans Van Tilburg, Bill Jeffery, T. Kurt Knoerl, and Riley Smith. In Proceedings of Fourth Asia Pacific Regional Conference on Underwater Cultural Heritage: Keelung,Taiwan, and Virtual, November 1-5, 2021. The Museum of Underwater Archaeology URL: https://apconf-much.org/proceedings/exhibits/show/apconf-muchproceedings/item/689