1 10 40 https://apconf-much.org/proceedings/files/original/36c1e9ab7e560160f95b8d2d53e04fa4.pdf 468f5185c0de2dd3885aa02398d0e79e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2021 Session 14: In the Mind of the Boatbuilder: Asia Pacific studies in Maritime Ethno-archaeology Subject The topic of the resource Session 14 papers Description An account of the resource Abstract The study of contemporary maritime cultures and their materials through first hand observation, maritime ethnography is a ‘relatively’ new tool available to maritime archaeologists. By using ethnographic analogies, archaeologists can propose hypothetical reconstructions of incomplete objects or structures, suggest the possible use of enigmatic structural elements, and describe in detail how the object or structure was made. Ethno-archaeology can provide clues or suggest ways of thinking about past cultures, and serve as a launch pad for retrospective enquiry. Analogous applications of ethnography to archaeology allow us to breach temporal and spatial gaps by using information derived from one context (the present) to help explain data found in another (the past). In keeping with the Conference theme and proposed sub-theme (8), ‘Nautical Technology in Asia-Pacific’, this session is intended to provide a forum for researchers from ethnography, archaeology, anthropology, digital humanities and related disciplines, to exchange ideas, present new research and explore challenges in the collection, investigation, interpretation and dissemination of maritime ethno-archaeological data. The focus of ‘In the Mind of the Boatbuilder: Asia Pacific Studies in Maritime Ethno-archaeology’ will be on water transport technology in Asia-Pacific, including regional studies and collaborative projects, which employ innovative and emerging technologies, observe boatbuilding traditions and explore archeological evidence for traditional boats, social practices, maritime rituals and associated traditions. We invite researchers from across the Asia Pacific region to submit papers on topics including, but not limited to: ancient seafaring in Asia-Pacific; boat ethnography in Asia-Pacific; ethno-archaeological studies of water transport systems and practices, new and emerging technologies for recording traditional boats; and ethnographic studies of maritime rituals and traditions in boat construction. We particularly welcome submissions that provide new information about regional seafaring that is changing our understanding of human history and creating opportunities for interdisciplinary collaboration beyond national boundaries. Session Organizers: Sarah Ward and Ying Ying Yan Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Asia Pacific Regional Conference on Underwater Cultural Heritage Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Museum of Underwater Archaeology Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource November 2021 Language A language of the resource English Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Asia Pacific Regional Conference on Underwater Cultural Heritage Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Tanka Sampan Boats of Pearl River Delta : A Case Study in Ethno-archaeology Description An account of the resource For the purpose of keeping with the Conference aim of managing and protecting underwater cultural heritage in Asia, this paper will share the outcome of the investigation of the Chinese Tanka Sampan boat and related aspects, disseminate the maritime ethno-archaeological data. This paper is based on the fieldwork undertaken in Shatian in 2017, it aims at carrying out a study of the Chinese Tanka region through the perspective of the major iconic facet of their culture: Tanka sampan boats. Liu-wang boat and Bai-ban boat, which are recognised as commonly used ones by Tanka people, were used as the primary resources for the research. In the absence of the investigation on the sampan boatbuilding and relevant factors in an ethno-archaeological context, this paper will home in on the ethnographic study of these sampan boats, examine the remaining physical sources and provide an archaeological representation of the boats by reconstructing the boats in two and three dimensional, to provide new data for both traditional boat study from a maritime archaeological aspect and ethnological study on Tanka region. The analysis of Tanka sampan boats permits us to explore connections between the boats and the social life behind it intended for a water environment, reveal the relevant technical aspects of boatbuilding. Also, the application of new knowledge for examining the principles and practices that guided their cultural development, could aid with placing this within the wider maritime context of the region. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Ying Ying Yan Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Museum of Underwater Archaeology Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource November 2021 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Asia Pacific Regional Conference on Underwater Cultural Heritage Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. Yan, Ying Ying. 2021. “Tanka Sampan Boats of Pearl River Delta : A Case Study in Ethno-archaeology.” Edited by Brian Fahy, Hans Van Tilburg, Bill Jeffery, T. Kurt Knoerl, and Riley Smith. In Proceedings of Fourth Asia Pacific Regional Conference on Underwater Cultural Heritage: Keelung,Taiwan, and Virtual, November 1-5, 2021. The Museum of Underwater Archaeology URL: https://apconf-much.org/proceedings/exhibits/show/apconf-muchproceedings/item/701 Asia-Pac Session14 2021 https://apconf-much.org/proceedings/files/original/4aea55e530064191d379e06efdadfe8f.pdf 6dc8a24541380ba4039d357a2273a1f4 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Proceedings of the 2021 Asia Pacific Regional Conference on Underwater Cultural Heritage Description An account of the resource Papers presented at the 2023 Asia Pacific Regional Conference on Underwater Cultural Heritage Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Asia Pacific Regional Conference on Underwater Cultural Heritage Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Museum of Underwater Archaeology Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource November 2021 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Asia Pacific Regional Conference on Underwater Cultural Heritage Language A language of the resource English Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Asia Pacific Regional Conference on Underwater Cultural Heritage Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Closing Remarks APCONF 4, Taiwan Description An account of the resource Closing remarks Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Hans Van Tilburg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Museum of Underwater Archaeology Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource November 2021 Language A language of the resource English Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Asia Pacific Regional Conference on Underwater Cultural Heritage Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. Van Tilburg, Hans. 2021. “Closing Remarks APCONF 4, Taiwan.” Edited by Brian Fahy, Hans Van Tilburg, Bill Jeffery, T. Kurt Knoerl, and Riley Smith. In Proceedings of Fourth Asia Pacific Regional Conference on Underwater Cultural Heritage: Keelung,Taiwan, and Virtual, November 1-5, 2021. The Museum of Underwater Archaeology URL: https://apconf-much.org/proceedings/exhibits/show/apconf-muchproceedings/item/700 Asia-Pac 2021 https://apconf-much.org/proceedings/files/original/73e71ba1ab4a6726eca6924415885dcc.pdf b678cec074c5f4d3d0558b4a2087f53d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2021 Session 14: In the Mind of the Boatbuilder: Asia Pacific studies in Maritime Ethno-archaeology Subject The topic of the resource Session 14 papers Description An account of the resource Abstract The study of contemporary maritime cultures and their materials through first hand observation, maritime ethnography is a ‘relatively’ new tool available to maritime archaeologists. By using ethnographic analogies, archaeologists can propose hypothetical reconstructions of incomplete objects or structures, suggest the possible use of enigmatic structural elements, and describe in detail how the object or structure was made. Ethno-archaeology can provide clues or suggest ways of thinking about past cultures, and serve as a launch pad for retrospective enquiry. Analogous applications of ethnography to archaeology allow us to breach temporal and spatial gaps by using information derived from one context (the present) to help explain data found in another (the past). In keeping with the Conference theme and proposed sub-theme (8), ‘Nautical Technology in Asia-Pacific’, this session is intended to provide a forum for researchers from ethnography, archaeology, anthropology, digital humanities and related disciplines, to exchange ideas, present new research and explore challenges in the collection, investigation, interpretation and dissemination of maritime ethno-archaeological data. The focus of ‘In the Mind of the Boatbuilder: Asia Pacific Studies in Maritime Ethno-archaeology’ will be on water transport technology in Asia-Pacific, including regional studies and collaborative projects, which employ innovative and emerging technologies, observe boatbuilding traditions and explore archeological evidence for traditional boats, social practices, maritime rituals and associated traditions. We invite researchers from across the Asia Pacific region to submit papers on topics including, but not limited to: ancient seafaring in Asia-Pacific; boat ethnography in Asia-Pacific; ethno-archaeological studies of water transport systems and practices, new and emerging technologies for recording traditional boats; and ethnographic studies of maritime rituals and traditions in boat construction. We particularly welcome submissions that provide new information about regional seafaring that is changing our understanding of human history and creating opportunities for interdisciplinary collaboration beyond national boundaries. Session Organizers: Sarah Ward and Ying Ying Yan Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Asia Pacific Regional Conference on Underwater Cultural Heritage Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Museum of Underwater Archaeology Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource November 2021 Language A language of the resource English Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Asia Pacific Regional Conference on Underwater Cultural Heritage Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Barbari-Habeshi crewmen and merchants – Uncovering an African maritime tradition in the Indian Ocean World Description An account of the resource Ancient Axum was a maritime trading empire based in present day Ethiopia, Djibouti and Eritrea in the Horn of Africa from 400BCE to around 940CE and for a while the empire even extended across the Red Sea to Yemen. Historians have tended to neglect the story of free African movement across the Indian Ocean. However, a multidisciplinary approach to the evidence of Africans in Asia, demonstrates that the following the arrival of Islam in the Horn of Africa in the 8th century the legacy of Axumite maritime trading was passed successively to the states of Shoa, Ifat and Adal. This maritime tradition gave rise to Muslim African communities known as Habeshis or Habshis in the Indo-Pacific region from the Red Sea to the Straits of Malacca and possibly beyond into the South China Sea. Through images and archives this paper traces the growing presence of Habeshi communities in the Indo-Pacific world from the 8th to the 17th centuries and demonstrates how they were part of the mechanism that turned the Indian Ocean into an “Islamic lake” before the arrival of the Europeans and how these Habeshi’s adapted to the European naval presence and ventured further into the Asia-Pacific region. The paper suggests that the Habeshi were also responsible for the spread of live poritis coral exploitation from their homelands to the East African littoral and across the Indian Ocean. The last point is still being researched in Southeast Asia. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Cliff Pereira Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Museum of Underwater Archaeology Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource November 2021 Language A language of the resource English Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Asia Pacific Regional Conference on Underwater Cultural Heritage Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. Pereira, Cliff. 2021. “The Barbari-Habeshi crewmen and merchants – Uncovering an African maritime tradition in the Indian Ocean World.” Edited by Brian Fahy, Hans Van Tilburg, Bill Jeffery, T. Kurt Knoerl, and Riley Smith. In Proceedings of Fourth Asia Pacific Regional Conference on Underwater Cultural Heritage: Keelung,Taiwan, and Virtual, November 1-5, 2021. The Museum of Underwater Archaeology URL: https://apconf-much.org/proceedings/exhibits/show/apconf-muchproceedings/item/699 Asia-Pac Session 14 2021 https://apconf-much.org/proceedings/files/original/484c87263fbc8f93eca799eaa7ce0a90.pdf 9db2f98fbb1eec7a73b8edf6be69b882 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2021 Session 14: In the Mind of the Boatbuilder: Asia Pacific studies in Maritime Ethno-archaeology Subject The topic of the resource Session 14 papers Description An account of the resource Abstract The study of contemporary maritime cultures and their materials through first hand observation, maritime ethnography is a ‘relatively’ new tool available to maritime archaeologists. By using ethnographic analogies, archaeologists can propose hypothetical reconstructions of incomplete objects or structures, suggest the possible use of enigmatic structural elements, and describe in detail how the object or structure was made. Ethno-archaeology can provide clues or suggest ways of thinking about past cultures, and serve as a launch pad for retrospective enquiry. Analogous applications of ethnography to archaeology allow us to breach temporal and spatial gaps by using information derived from one context (the present) to help explain data found in another (the past). In keeping with the Conference theme and proposed sub-theme (8), ‘Nautical Technology in Asia-Pacific’, this session is intended to provide a forum for researchers from ethnography, archaeology, anthropology, digital humanities and related disciplines, to exchange ideas, present new research and explore challenges in the collection, investigation, interpretation and dissemination of maritime ethno-archaeological data. The focus of ‘In the Mind of the Boatbuilder: Asia Pacific Studies in Maritime Ethno-archaeology’ will be on water transport technology in Asia-Pacific, including regional studies and collaborative projects, which employ innovative and emerging technologies, observe boatbuilding traditions and explore archeological evidence for traditional boats, social practices, maritime rituals and associated traditions. We invite researchers from across the Asia Pacific region to submit papers on topics including, but not limited to: ancient seafaring in Asia-Pacific; boat ethnography in Asia-Pacific; ethno-archaeological studies of water transport systems and practices, new and emerging technologies for recording traditional boats; and ethnographic studies of maritime rituals and traditions in boat construction. We particularly welcome submissions that provide new information about regional seafaring that is changing our understanding of human history and creating opportunities for interdisciplinary collaboration beyond national boundaries. Session Organizers: Sarah Ward and Ying Ying Yan Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Asia Pacific Regional Conference on Underwater Cultural Heritage Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Museum of Underwater Archaeology Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource November 2021 Language A language of the resource English Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Asia Pacific Regional Conference on Underwater Cultural Heritage Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 3D Photogrammetry as an Aid to Traditional Canoe Building Description An account of the resource A renaissance in traditional boat building is occurring in Oceania but in some locations ancestral canoe designs are likely lost and so the body of knowledge supporting this renaissance is narrower than in its heyday. Traditional sailing and canoe building skills began to decline initially through colonialist pressure and accelerated in the 20th century with adoption of western values and the introduction of the outboard. This outside pressure has left a break in the chain of local knowledge surrounding canoe design and construction. It is possible that recent resurgence of traditional craft will provide a path to an accurate recreation of local purpose crafted canoes. A powerful and effective tool to ensure skills are passed on, and which can encourage comparative studies between builders, is the use of 3D photo scanning. As Oceania looks to alternatives to fossil fuels for transportation throughout the area traditional sailing techniques and design may have greater purpose for Oceania in development of sustainable transport. 3D photo scanning can help with sharing design ideas on sustainable transportation while aiding to track the connection with the past and future design constructions. With 3D scanning techniques, even if we can’t save all existing older craft, we can capture what they are now and preserve the history before it literally rots away outside somewhere. 3D scanning and photogrammetry can provide an educational platform for schools, the public, traditional boat builders and offers a venue for showcasing traditional craftsmanship as an educational tool. The availability of 3D scanning can offer a record of how boats are being tweaked in the resurgent craft of traditional canoe as it evolves. Through this discussion the author hopes to share 3D scans conducted in Micronesia, gain insight from other like-minded individuals and network for a larger project of capturing digital records of Oceania’s traditional canoes. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Austin Baird Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Museum of Underwater Archaeology Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource November 2021 Language A language of the resource English Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Asia Pacific Regional Conference on Underwater Cultural Heritage Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. Baird, Austin. 2021. “3D Photogrammetry as an Aid to Traditional Canoe Building.” Edited by Brian Fahy, Hans Van Tilburg, Bill Jeffery, T. Kurt Knoerl, and Riley Smith. In Proceedings of Fourth Asia Pacific Regional Conference on Underwater Cultural Heritage: Keelung,Taiwan, and Virtual, November 1-5, 2021. The Museum of Underwater Archaeology URL: https://apconf- much.org/proceedings/exhibits/show/apconf-muchproceedings/item/698 Asia-Pac Session 14 2021 https://apconf-much.org/proceedings/files/original/cca90867dabc8b0985aaad9996064734.pdf e4b8e631ae3e447dbebe1ce5ba597037 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2021 Session 13: Modern Trends and Applications of Maritime Archaeology Subject The topic of the resource Session 13 paper Description An account of the resource Abstract While it is important to discuss local and regional aspects of Maritime Archaeology, this session offers an opportunity to discuss the wider scope of the discipline by showing how other scholars, historians, curators, and agencies are using innovative technologies and theoretical concepts to develop new and exciting positions in the field. This session will host presenters from other regions of the world to present how they are using new trends and applications to further their scholarship, and will offer an opportunity to discuss and collaborate with regional representatives who may not have been previously aware of the work being done elsewhere. Papers on novel concepts of Theory, Scientific Analysis, Excavation, Public Outreach, Policy and Anthropology will be considered. Session Organizer: Brian Fahy Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Asia Pacific Regional Conference on Underwater Cultural Heritage Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Museum of Underwater Archaeology Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource November 2021 Language A language of the resource English Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Asia Pacific Regional Conference on Underwater Cultural Heritage Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Development of Image Distortion Correction Software for Underwater Photographs Description An account of the resource A large quantity of various still and video images are generated in underwater archeological sites and research labs for record keeping and dimensional analysis. A variety of image capturing devices including underwater cameras are used. It is well known that underwater photographs are distorted due to the difference in refractive indices of air and (fresh or salt) water. Due to the lack of convenient image processing software capable of underwater image distortion correction, distorted photographic images are frequently used in various reports. We have conducted experimental studies on underwater photographic distortion as a function of geometry and distance between the window separating (clear or salt) water and a camera. Based on the simulating experimental photographing results, we developed distortion correction (compensation) algorithm for underwater photographic images. The newly developed function is added to the unified image processing software (PicMan from WaferMasters, Inc.) for convenient usage in underwater archaeological sites with ordinary notebook PCs. The unified image processing software, PicMan, can support various digital image formats (such as BMP, JPG, PNG, GIF, TIF, DM3, MOV, MP4, AVI, WMV etc.). In this paper, a newly added function for underwater image distortion correction (compensation) to the unified image processing software will be introduced. It will be demonstrated using a few digital photographic images from a laboratory simulating underwater conditions and underwater archaeological studies. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Woo Sik Yoo Kitaek Kang Yeongsik Yoo Young-Hwa Jung Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Museum of Underwater Archaeology Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource November 2021 Language A language of the resource English Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Asia Pacific Regional Conference on Underwater Cultural Heritage Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. Yoo, Woo Sik, Kitaek Kang, Yeongsik Yoo, and Young-Hwa Jung. 2021. “Development of Image Distortion Correction Software for Underwater Photographs.” Edited by Brian Fahy, Hans Van Tilburg, Bill Jeffery, T. Kurt Knoerl, and Riley Smith. In Proceedings of Fourth Asia Pacific Regional Conference on Underwater Cultural Heritage: Keelung,Taiwan, and Virtual, November 1-5, 2021. The Museum of Underwater Archaeology URL: https://apconf-much.org/proceedings/exhibits/show/apconf-muchproceedings/item/697 Asia-Pac Session 13 2021 https://apconf-much.org/proceedings/files/original/5abe8a9fc6641a23b44ed423fd12b318.pdf 12fe2f90b2e3cae444f488c88072a9b6 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2021 Session 12: Iberian Seafaring and Ship Construction in Asia-Pacific Subject The topic of the resource Session 12 paper Description An account of the resource Abstract During the early 16th century several expeditions departed from Spain and Mexico to explore the Pacific Ocean and to find a new trade route with Asia. One of these expeditions, the Magellan-Elcano expedition, led to the first circumnavigation of the world in 1519-22 which was followed by the Loaysa expedition in 1525. Almost at the same time, oceangoing ships built in the shipyards of the Pacific coast of New Spain sailed directly to the Moluccas and the Philippines. However, it was not until 1565 when Urdaneta discovered a maritime route which allowed these vessels to return from Asia to North America across the Pacific Ocean. For the first time in history, Asia and Europe became connected via America on a regular maritime route known as the Manila-Acapulco galleon which contributed to the development of the first global economy. For centuries these vessels became the single mode of transportation for goods but also ideas and technological knowledge between different continents and cultures. This session focuses on the evolution of Iberian seafaring and examines the development of ship construction and port facilities in the Pacific Ocean during the 16th and 17th centuries based on historical and archaeological sources. Iberian shipping relied on the interaction with local and regional trading networks established on the Asian and Pacific coasts creating a mutual dependence. The vessels built in Asia and America for the Pacific Ocean navigation were the result of a technological, material, and cultural mixture involving local and foreign communities. Therefore, archaeological and historical sources are crucial to explore the development of the Iberian seafaring and shipbuilding in the Pacific region and provide important information regarding Asia-Pacific societies, and their interaction with Iberian seafarers and settlers. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Asia Pacific Regional Conference on Underwater Cultural Heritage Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Museum of Underwater Archaeology Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource November 2021 Language A language of the resource English Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Asia Pacific Regional Conference on Underwater Cultural Heritage Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Spanish early modern colonies in the Austronesian context: San Salvador de Quelang, Heping Dao, Keelung, Taiwan Description An account of the resource Since 2011 we have investigated the site of the Spanish colony of San Salvador de Quelang, founded in 1626 on Heping Dao, a then small island off the coast of Keelung, in northern Taiwan. The colony was established as an extension of the Spanish post of Manila and the Philippines, with clear strategic and political goals that involve many different agents and processes at the level of the entire Asia-Pacific region. The Spanish held in San Salvador for 16 years, when they were expelled by the Dutch who then took over the colonial space until 1668. After this European spell, the colony and Taiwan fell under the control of the Qing government. We have aimed to reconstruct the lifeways of the local peoples inhabiting the place, the Basai, before, during and after the European colonial occupation. The Basai were an Austronesian population of the Iron Age –in Taiwanese terminology- when the Spanish arrived in Keelung. Their history can potentially be observed throughout prehistory in a long span of several millennia. Contemporary European and Chinese documents that describe social practices of the Basai are also available. By understanding the indigenous prior to the Spanish presence we can evaluate the impact that the colonists had on the locals, as well as the role that the Austronesian may have played in the colonial process, including their long-distance contact with peoples from the continent. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource María Cruz Berrocal Elena Serrano Herrero Tsang Chenghwa Ellen Hsieh Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Museum of Underwater Archaeology Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource November 2021 Language A language of the resource English Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Asia Pacific Regional Conference on Underwater Cultural Heritage Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. Berrocal, María Cruz, Elena Serrano Herrero, Tsang Chenghwa, and Ellen Hsieh. 2021. “Spanish early modern colonies in the Austronesian context: San Salvador de Quelang, Heping Dao, Keelung, Taiwan.” Edited by Brian Fahy, Hans Van Tilburg, Bill Jeffery, T. Kurt Knoerl, and Riley Smith. In Proceedings of Fourth Asia Pacific Regional Conference on Underwater Cultural Heritage: Keelung,Taiwan, and Virtual, November 1-5, 2021. The Museum of Underwater Archaeology URL:https://apconf-much.org/proceedings/exhibits/show/apconf-muchproceedings/item/696 Asia-Pac Session 12 2021 https://apconf-much.org/proceedings/files/original/10045d82e716b110bdeb6dd2a09edf94.pdf 3ae8b1d158e9bd0bbe45277d08c931b7 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2021 Session 11: Maritime and Underwater Archaeology of the Indian Ocean Region Subject The topic of the resource Session 11 papers Description An account of the resource Abstract Maritime archaeology, a new branch of social sciences, took its birth in the Mediterranean Sea in the 19th century and academically it began after 1950. Maritime archaeology is also known as ‘underwater’, ‘marine’ and ‘nautical’ archaeology. All are valid terms for different aspects. One aspect of Underwater Archaeology is the study of the past through submerged remains such as shipwrecks, habitations and ports. Maritime Archaeology, while being similar to ‘Underwater Archaeology’, goes beyond waterscape, because it includes all related disciplines covering maritime and nautical archaeology. In the recent past, the new nomenclature ‘Hydro-archaeology’ has been coined to include all aspects of maritime archaeology where water plays a great role. Taking into consideration the importance of maritime archaeology, many universities, research institutes and professional societies have introduced maritime archaeology in their regular curriculum and are carrying out explorations and excavations and offer training to researchers, students and amateurs. Maritime archaeological studies have been carried out all over the world, except a few countries, either by the respective states or by state sponsored or private or international organizations. Taking into account the relevance and wider prospective of maritime archaeology, papers dealing with recent researches on maritime and underwater archaeology and allied disciplines are considered in this session. Studies on shipwrecks, sources on maritime archaeological studies, ports and trade routes, traditional boatbuilding technology, anchors are welcome. Session Organizer: Sila Tripati Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource November 2021 Language A language of the resource English Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Asia Pacific Regional Conference on Underwater Cultural Heritage Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Textile Trade and Hinterland Settlements of the Lower Kaveri Valley on the Coromandel Coast of India from 13th to 20th Century CE Description An account of the resource The textile industry became one of the important economic activities on the Coromandel coast from the Late Medieval Period. Several ports became active on the Coromandel coast as a result of the urbanization contributed by long-distance trade and colonialism. The Lower Kaveri Delta region on the Coromandel Coast had many ports and was connected hinterland settlements. The settlements show evidence of textile production at many of these sites, and settlements of weaver communities are present in this area even today. The settlement of Nangur excavated by the author in 2019 produced evidence of textile weavers in archaeological as well as ethnographic contexts. Thirumullaivayil was one of the important ports of the region that connected with Nangur and other craft settlements in Sirkazhi region. This paper focuses on the textile trade on the later medieval and colonial periods and the hinterland settlements that connected with the ports of Lower Kaveri valley. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource V.Selvakumar Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Museum of Underwater Archaeology Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource November 2021 Language A language of the resource English Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Asia Pacific Regional Conference on Underwater Cultural Heritage Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. Selvakumar, V.. 2021. “Textile Trade and Hinterland Settlements of the Lower Kaveri Valley on the Coromandel Coast of India from 13th to 20th Century CE.” Edited by Brian Fahy, Hans Van Tilburg, Bill Jeffery, T. Kurt Knoerl, and Riley Smith. In Proceedings of Fourth Asia Pacific Regional Conference on Underwater Cultural Heritage: Keelung,Taiwan, and Virtual, November 1-5, 2021. The Museum of Underwater Archaeology URL: https://apconf-much.org/proceedings/exhibits/show/apconf-muchproceedings/item/695 Asia-Pac Session 11 2021 https://apconf-much.org/proceedings/files/original/0a36a3b45e4521e7f15f2f6bed1be635.pdf 7c44b92117a636ce61329265eb46c3ee Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2021 Session 11: Maritime and Underwater Archaeology of the Indian Ocean Region Subject The topic of the resource Session 11 papers Description An account of the resource Abstract Maritime archaeology, a new branch of social sciences, took its birth in the Mediterranean Sea in the 19th century and academically it began after 1950. Maritime archaeology is also known as ‘underwater’, ‘marine’ and ‘nautical’ archaeology. All are valid terms for different aspects. One aspect of Underwater Archaeology is the study of the past through submerged remains such as shipwrecks, habitations and ports. Maritime Archaeology, while being similar to ‘Underwater Archaeology’, goes beyond waterscape, because it includes all related disciplines covering maritime and nautical archaeology. In the recent past, the new nomenclature ‘Hydro-archaeology’ has been coined to include all aspects of maritime archaeology where water plays a great role. Taking into consideration the importance of maritime archaeology, many universities, research institutes and professional societies have introduced maritime archaeology in their regular curriculum and are carrying out explorations and excavations and offer training to researchers, students and amateurs. Maritime archaeological studies have been carried out all over the world, except a few countries, either by the respective states or by state sponsored or private or international organizations. Taking into account the relevance and wider prospective of maritime archaeology, papers dealing with recent researches on maritime and underwater archaeology and allied disciplines are considered in this session. Studies on shipwrecks, sources on maritime archaeological studies, ports and trade routes, traditional boatbuilding technology, anchors are welcome. Session Organizer: Sila Tripati Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource November 2021 Language A language of the resource English Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Asia Pacific Regional Conference on Underwater Cultural Heritage Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Two Arabic Epigraphs found from the Ancient Port at Ambalangoda, Sri Lanka Description An account of the resource The ancient port Ambalangoda is located in No 85 – Patabandimulla Grama Niladari Division (GND) of Ambalangoda Secretariat Division (SD), Galle District, Southern Province, Sri Lanka. Three groups; the Archaeology, Maritime Archaeology, and the Harbour Development Project have worked on the Maritime Archaeological activities in the Ambalangoda port from 1998 to 2012. The Ambalangoda harbor development project was carried out in 2007. While digging the sea bed they unearthed several types of artifacts, discovering 5 copper alloy plates, which were a remarkable find from the site. A notable thing which can be seen is two Arabic epigraphy in the reverse of the copper plates number 2 (2007/SL/S/AMBA/02) and 5 (2007/SL/S/AMBA/05). The Translation of the Epigraphy is (Arabic) (منح له سيد عبد الرب / Manehe Lahu Sayyid Abdul Rabb) “Mr. Abdul Rabb Awarded to him”. Ceylon was early known to the Arabs on account of its pearl-fisheries and trade in precious stones and spices; Arab merchants had formed commercial establishments there centuries before the rise of Islam. This Arabic letter had been written without dotting, it reveals an early era before Islam, because after Islam is introduced, dotting to Arabic was introduced to make it easy to recite the Holy Quran. Here this Arabic letter was written without dotting, its meaning is: “Mr. Abdul Rabb Awarded to him”, (منح له سيد عبد الرب), (Manehe Lahu Sayyid Abdul Rabb). Therefore, these Epigraphical evidences reveals the historical maritime relationships between Ceylon and Arabic countries. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mahinda Karunarathna, Mohamed Sulthan Mohamed Saleem Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Museum of Underwater Archaeology Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource November 2021 Language A language of the resource English Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Asia Pacific Regional Conference on Underwater Cultural Heritage Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. Karunarathna, Mahinda, and Mohamed Sulthan Mohamed Saleem. 2021. “Two Arabic Epigraphs found from the Ancient Port at Ambalangoda, Sri Lanka.” Project and Oceanic Environmental Education Program.” Edited by Brian Fahy, Hans Van Tilburg, Bill Jeffery, T. Kurt Knoerl, and Riley Smith. In Proceedings of Fourth Asia Pacific Regional Conference on Underwater Cultural Heritage: Keelung,Taiwan, and Virtual, November 1-5, 2021. The Museum of Underwater Archaeology URL: https://apconf-much.org/proceedings/exhibits/show/apconf-muchproceedings/item/694 Asia-Pac Session 11 2021 https://apconf-much.org/proceedings/files/original/22956b36df72a3bcb053ef3752e44448.pdf 0b33eaca5bdcb99c11a935434240b525 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2021 Session 11: Maritime and Underwater Archaeology of the Indian Ocean Region Subject The topic of the resource Session 11 papers Description An account of the resource Abstract Maritime archaeology, a new branch of social sciences, took its birth in the Mediterranean Sea in the 19th century and academically it began after 1950. Maritime archaeology is also known as ‘underwater’, ‘marine’ and ‘nautical’ archaeology. All are valid terms for different aspects. One aspect of Underwater Archaeology is the study of the past through submerged remains such as shipwrecks, habitations and ports. Maritime Archaeology, while being similar to ‘Underwater Archaeology’, goes beyond waterscape, because it includes all related disciplines covering maritime and nautical archaeology. In the recent past, the new nomenclature ‘Hydro-archaeology’ has been coined to include all aspects of maritime archaeology where water plays a great role. Taking into consideration the importance of maritime archaeology, many universities, research institutes and professional societies have introduced maritime archaeology in their regular curriculum and are carrying out explorations and excavations and offer training to researchers, students and amateurs. Maritime archaeological studies have been carried out all over the world, except a few countries, either by the respective states or by state sponsored or private or international organizations. Taking into account the relevance and wider prospective of maritime archaeology, papers dealing with recent researches on maritime and underwater archaeology and allied disciplines are considered in this session. Studies on shipwrecks, sources on maritime archaeological studies, ports and trade routes, traditional boatbuilding technology, anchors are welcome. Session Organizer: Sila Tripati Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource November 2021 Language A language of the resource English Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Asia Pacific Regional Conference on Underwater Cultural Heritage Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The ORU of Sri Lanka: A single outrigger craft of the northern Indian Ocean Description An account of the resource The signature watercraft of Sri Lanka, and other interconnected areas, is the ‘Oru’, which is presented here: a log-based single outrigger craft. Unlike most outrigger craft of the Pacific, south-east Asia and east Africa, the ‘Oru’ was a single-outrigger craft. It is possible to trace its roots to purely indigenous conditions but the use of an outrigger makes it necessary to consider it in parallel with other Indo-Pacific outrigger cultures. The ‘Oru’ culture lay beyond the typical Indian Ocean boatbuilding culture. Originally an inland water dugout, the ‘oru’ developed, first, into a seagoing craft and then into a single-outrigger cargo ship. Craft belonging to the ‘Oru’ culture sailed the waters off Sri Lanka, the Coromandel Coast, Kerala and Lakshadweep, the Maldives and the Andamans. It is a nautical craft-culture in its own right, specific to this northern Indian Ocean region, with Kerala-Sri Lanka as the axis. Kerala is seen as the preserver of this craft culture and Sri Lanka the innovator: reinventing the ‘Oru’ to challenge mechanized craft. Its origins, how it links Kerala and Sri Lanka, how it adapted itself to a marine environment, and how the resultant morphological changes led to the evolution of an outrigger cargo vessel, are dealt with: so are recent studies into the sailing characteristics and issues of stability of the classical ‘Oru’. The way the Sri Lanka ‘Oru’ faced and coped with challenges of a post-craft culture is traced in the paper. Craft often confused with ‘Oru’, namely the double outrigger of southeast Asia and the multiple-hull craft of the Pacific, are re-visited as early opinions stubbornly persist. Some opinions are expressed to seed a dialogue. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Somasiri Devendra Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Museum of Underwater Archaeology Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource November 2021 Language A language of the resource English Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Asia Pacific Regional Conference on Underwater Cultural Heritage Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. Devendra, Somasiri. 2021. “The ORU of Sri Lanka: A single outrigger craft of the northern Indian Ocean.” Edited by Brian Fahy, Hans Van Tilburg, Bill Jeffery, T. Kurt Knoerl, and Riley Smith. In Proceedings of Fourth Asia Pacific Regional Conference on Underwater Cultural Heritage: Keelung,Taiwan, and Virtual, November 1-5, 2021. The Museum of Underwater Archaeology URL: https://apconf-much.org/proceedings/exhibits/show/apconf-muchproceedings/item/693 Asia-Pac Session 11 2021 https://apconf-much.org/proceedings/files/original/264c659af323710fdbbe25ce935336ed.pdf 57bbe2311d9e5f1484a61a6edbcc6a4e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2021 Session 11: Maritime and Underwater Archaeology of the Indian Ocean Region Subject The topic of the resource Session 11 papers Description An account of the resource Abstract Maritime archaeology, a new branch of social sciences, took its birth in the Mediterranean Sea in the 19th century and academically it began after 1950. Maritime archaeology is also known as ‘underwater’, ‘marine’ and ‘nautical’ archaeology. All are valid terms for different aspects. One aspect of Underwater Archaeology is the study of the past through submerged remains such as shipwrecks, habitations and ports. Maritime Archaeology, while being similar to ‘Underwater Archaeology’, goes beyond waterscape, because it includes all related disciplines covering maritime and nautical archaeology. In the recent past, the new nomenclature ‘Hydro-archaeology’ has been coined to include all aspects of maritime archaeology where water plays a great role. Taking into consideration the importance of maritime archaeology, many universities, research institutes and professional societies have introduced maritime archaeology in their regular curriculum and are carrying out explorations and excavations and offer training to researchers, students and amateurs. Maritime archaeological studies have been carried out all over the world, except a few countries, either by the respective states or by state sponsored or private or international organizations. Taking into account the relevance and wider prospective of maritime archaeology, papers dealing with recent researches on maritime and underwater archaeology and allied disciplines are considered in this session. Studies on shipwrecks, sources on maritime archaeological studies, ports and trade routes, traditional boatbuilding technology, anchors are welcome. Session Organizer: Sila Tripati Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource November 2021 Language A language of the resource English Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Asia Pacific Regional Conference on Underwater Cultural Heritage Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource New Maritime Archaeological Discoveries from SS Indus Ship wreck (1885) in Sri Lanka Description An account of the resource The Maritime Archaeology Unit (MAU) of the Central Cultural Fund gathered historical evidences on the SS Indus through archival research and a site survey to identify the shipwreck in 2013 and 2014. The MAU identified an iron wreck close to the coast of Mullaitivu and tentatively identified it as the SS Indus which sank in 1885 with the valuable carved stone plaques of Baharhut Stupa, India (3rd century BC). Alexander Cunningham, the former Archaeological Commissioner of British India [appointed in 1861] intended to send these plaques to be displayed in the London Museum. According to historical records, they salvaged some of the cargo but there is no record on the fate of the stone plaques. The MAU identified an iron wreck about 5km from the Mullativu lighthouse (now in ruins) in 2013. Fishermen and divers helped locate the wreck. According to historical records and nautical charts, the location of this wreck seemed to be the place here the Indus sank. The MAU explored and recorded the site by using photographs, sketches and GPS plotting. The team completed an initial survey but did not find any stone plaques. However, in 2014 and 2017, the MAU excavated the site and identified evidence that proved the wreck is the SS Indus. A drawing of the site and excavated of three test pits were completed in the process. The team unearthed several artifacts but these could not prove the identity of the ship. The MAU is continuing excavations in the site at the moment (Until November 2019) and hope to discuss about the new evidences found from entire research with this paper. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Wijamunige Chanraratne Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Museum of Underwater Archaeology Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource November 2021 Language A language of the resource English Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Asia Pacific Regional Conference on Underwater Cultural Heritage Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. Chanraratne, Wijamunige, and Mahinda Karunarathna. 2021. “New Maritime Archaeological Discoveries from SS Indus Ship wreck (1885) in Sri Lanka.” Edited by Brian Fahy, Hans Van Tilburg, Bill Jeffery, T. Kurt Knoerl, and Riley Smith. In Proceedings of Fourth Asia Pacific Regional Conference on Underwater Cultural Heritage: Keelung,Taiwan, and Virtual, November 1-5, 2021. The Museum of Underwater Archaeology URL: https://apconf-much.org/proceedings/exhibits/show/apconf-muchproceedings/item/692 Asia-Pac Session 11 2021